Câu chẻ trong tiếng Anh – Sentence Types: Cleft Sentences

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Lưu ý: Cleft sentence có hai cấu trúc: (1) It-cleft sentence, và (2) Wh-cleft sentence. Bên dưới là một vài so sánh sơ lược. Tuy nhiên, chỉ là sơ lược, chi tiết cụ thể có thể có điểm khác. 

• It-cleft sentence:  Về mặt “hành văn”, kiểu câu It-cleft sentence  khá giống với kiểu câu Loose/Cumulative Sentence, ở chỗ: nhấn mạnh ở đầu câu, đưa thông tin chính lên đầu câu, sau đó bổ sung thông tin phụ trợ ở phần tiếp theo.

Xem thêm bài: Phép điệp trong tiếng Anh – Loose/cumulative sentences

• Wh-cleft sentence: Về mặt “hành văn”, kiểu câu Wh-cleft sentence khá giống với kiểu câu Periodic Sentence, ở chỗ: dành thông tin mới đến cuối câu mới bung ra, nhằm tạo hiệu ứng tâm lý chờ đợi, bùng nổ, giống như thủ pháp thắt nút – cởi nút. 

Xem thêm bài: Phép đảo trong tiếng Anh – Periodic sentences

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Why do we use cleft sentences?

We use cleft sentences, especially in speaking, to connect what is already understood to what is new to the listener. In a cleft sentence, a single message is divided (cleft) into two clauses. This allows us to focus on the new information.

Quy tắc viết hoa trong tiếng Anh – Rules for capitalising words in English

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Below are the most important rules for capitalising words in English.

Thuyết trình bằng tiếng Anh – Vocabulary and phrases for making presentations in English

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Overviews

After you give your opening statement, you should give a brief overview of your presentation. This includes what your presentation is about, how long you will take and how you are going to handle questions.

For example, a presentation to sales staff could start like this:
“Welcome / “Hello everyone.”

See more below:

Một số kỹ năng giao tiếp tiếng Anh khi tham gia cuộc họp – Getting the most out of meetings

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If you work for a company where meetings are held in English, you may have had one or these problems:

• being unable to say what you mean clearly and concisely
• being unable to interrupt others to make a point
• being unable to prevent others from interrupting you
• being unable to understand others – especially if they joke, go off the point, or speak too quickly
• being unable to understand what the action points are – and what you’re expected to do
• being unable to concentrate for long periods of time on complex or detailed discussions
• being shy (not willing to initiate a discussion, even though you have plenty of things to say)

See more below:

Ôi, ngữ pháp! Đến dân bản ngữ cũng còn ỏm tỏi với nhau [2]

Xem thêm bài này: Ôi, ngữ pháp! Đến dân bản ngữ cũng còn ỏm tỏi với nhau [1]

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Grammar can be tough. There are a lot of rules to follow, and a lot to wrap your head around. Some of the rules we learn in school, though, aren’t exactly accurate. While some function as helpful guidelines for style and form, other so-called ‘rules’ are inventions, or ‘superstitions,’ as the lexicographer Henry W. Fowler called them.

Here are some common grammar myths:

Vài quy tắc cơ bản về sử dụng tiếng Anh – elementary rules of English usage

Form the possessive singular of nouns with ‘s.

Follow this rule whatever the final consonant. Thus write,

Charles’s friend

Burns’s poems

the witch’s malice

This is the usage of the United States Government Printing Office and of the Oxford University Press.

Từ và cụm từ thường dùng sai – Words and expressions commonly misused

By Strunk, W., Jr. and White, E.B.

Many of the words and expressions here listed are not so much bad English as bad style, the commonplaces of careless writing. As illustrated under Feature, the proper correction is likely to be not the replacement of one word or set of words by another, but the replacement of vague generality by definite statement.

See more below:

Tránh lỗi “lộn lèo” – Dangling modifier [2]

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(Xem thêm bài: Tránh lỗi “lộn lèo” – Misplaced modifier [1])

Có nhiều định nghĩa và cách phân loại khác nhau về misplaced và dangling modifier. Chỉ cần hiểu đâu là modifier, nó bổ nghĩa cho yếu tố nào trong câu, và đặt nó đúng chỗ là ổn.

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Dangling modifier: 

When we begin a sentence with a modifying word, phrase, or clause, we must make sure the next thing that comes along can, in fact, be modified by that modifier. When a modifier improperly modifies something, it is called a “dangling modifier.” This often happens with beginning participial phrases, making “dangling participles” an all too common phenomenon. In the sentence below, we can’t have a car changing its own oil.

Thử tý – Accuracy Quiz

Many people would say there was a “mistake” in each of the following sentences. Can you identify them? For each sentence, please do four things:

• mark the faulty word or words;
• briefly describe what is wrong;
• try to write a correct or improved version;
• decide how important the mistake is.

See the quiz below:

Danh mục từ vựng học thuật thường dùng trong trường đại học – Academic word list

Academic Word List Coxhead (2000). The most frequent word in each family is in italics. There are 570 headwords and about 3000 words altogether. For more information see The Academic Word List. For more practice see: Schmitt & Schmitt (2005), or the Compleat Lexical Tutor.

If you have an iPhone or an Android phone and want to practise these words, you could try: Flashcards Deluxe. Install the application, then search in the shared library for “Academic Word List”. Or on an iPhone you might like to try Testmaker: Install the application, then follow the instructions to use this file, or iMemento: Install the application, then follow the instructions to use this file,

*Definitions linked to: Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (Used with permission)

Lời khuyên sử dụng thể chủ động và bị động trong tiếng Anh – Active vs. Passive Voice

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Use the active voice

At the heart of every good sentence is a strong, precise verb; the converse is true as well–at the core of most confusing, awkward, or wordy sentences lies a weak verb.

Try to use the active voice whenever possible.

Nghệ thuật giao tiếp: không chỉ là nói

(by David Kranes )

“We are bodies that learn language.”
–Kenneth Burke

“The best things cannot be told; the second best
are misunderstood.  After that comes civilized
conversation; after that, mass indoctrination; after
that, intercultural exchange.”
–Joseph Campbell 

To genuinely “speak” is so powerful that few do it.  And those who do speak do it rarely. Human beings use dialogue to avoid speaking.  Dialogue is the dance we do to avoid the music.  It is, in Harold Pinter’s words, “the speech to cover speech.”

Dialogue is one of the tools we have for negotiating what we want and for negotiating our relationships.

Cách nối câu để tránh kiểu “vỡ lòng” – Sentence-combining skills

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The Need to Combine Sentences

Sentences have to be combined to avoid the monotony that would surely result if all sentences were brief and of equal length. (If you haven’t already read them, see the sections on Avoiding Primer Style and Sentence Variety.) Part of the writer’s task is to employ whatever music is available to him or her in language, and part of language’s music lies within the rhythms of varied sentence length and structure. Even poets who write within the formal limits and sameness of an iambic pentameter beat will sometimes strike a chord against that beat and vary the structure of their clauses and sentence length, thus keeping the text alive and the reader awake. This section will explore some of the techniques we ordinary writers use to combine sentences.

Tránh dùng tiếng Anh kiểu “vỡ lòng” – Avoiding primer language

(Xem thêm bài Cách nối câu để tránh kiểu “vỡ lòng”)

Primer style is characterized by too many short sentences. It is important to note that there is nothing inherently wrong with short sentences. Too many of them in a small space, however, can remind readers of material they read in kindergarten or first grade: See Dick. See Dick chase Jane. See Jane run.

Thử kiến thức về phát âm tiếng Anh – English Pronunciation Quiz

Summary: Test your knowledge of accent reduction

1. What is an accent?

A. carryover of speech sounds from your native language to your second language.
B. A speech or language disorder.
C. A personality trait/characteristic

Sử dụng ngôn ngữ cơ thể trong giao tiếp tiếng Anh – Speak English with Body Language

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Xem thêm bài: Giao tiếp phi ngôn từ, Nguyễn Quang, Tạp chí Khoa học ĐHQGHN (2007)

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Summary: A look at the importance of non-verbal communication.

When we speak, we use much more than just words. We also communicate with our face, our hands, and even our own body. This kind of communication can be called “body language” or “non-verbal communication”. Non-verbal communication not only includes how we move our body, but also hand gestures, facial expressions including eye contact, and how we use our voice. Psychologists estimate that between 60% and 80% of all of our communication with other people is non-verbal. We communicate a wide range of information non-verbally. We also show our feelings, attitudes, moods, hopes and wishes far better with non-verbal language than with words.

See more below:

57 cách cải thiện kỹ năng nói tiếng Anh – 57 ways to improve your fluency

Summary: Short and long term solutions for those who want to speak more quickly and smoothly. Also useful for teachers planning classroom fluency practice.

One of the top priorities of learners of English around the world is to improve their fluency, by which they usually mean how quickly and/ or “smoothly” they can speak the language, including avoiding pauses. Unfortunately, fluency is one of the most difficult things to improve, particularly without living in an English-speaking country and if you are trying to improve this skills outside class. This article gives over 50 tips that should help learners to speak more fluently, including many things people can do on their own outside the classroom. The advice is divided into things to do while speaking, (just) before speaking, and when trying to “study speaking” to improve your skills. These tips are mainly for language learners themselves, but the suggestions should also be useful for teachers who want to give students advice or bring more development of fluency into their classes.

Thành ngữ mới “sáng tác” – new idioms

Thành ngữ mới trong tiếng Anh

Cross the line

Handsome is as handsome does

Talk a mile a minute

Too clever by half

Busy as a one-armed paper hanger

Grinning like a shot fox

I may have been born at night, but not last night

Fight fire with fire

First up, best dressed

Part of the furniture

Cut someone off at the knees

Turn someone’s crank

Cat and mouse

Fine-tooth comb

Like to died

Cool your Jets

Fly in the face of

Out of the goodness of your heart

It is what it is

Hit below the belt

Up to the hilt

On the off-chance

Lose your head

Wilder than a peach orchard boar

Put your oar in

Spread the word

Get the word out

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy

Love you and leave you

Foggiest idea

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Cẩn thận với lối “nói phũ” – dysphemism

Definition of Dysphemism

Dysphemism is originated from a Greek word “dys” means miss or none and “pheme” means reputation or speech. It is a figure of speech which is defined as the use of disparaging or offensive expressions instead of inoffensive ones. Dysphemism is the use of negative expressions instead of positive ones. A speaker uses them to humiliate or degrade the disapproved person or character. Dysphemism examples may be classified according to the following types.

See more below:

Tìm hiểu về Uyển ngữ – Euphemism

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A euphemism is a polite expression used in place of words or phrases that otherwise might be considered harsh or unpleasant to hear. Euphemisms are used regularly, and there are many examples in every day language.

Diễn đạt loằng ngoằng bởi nỗi thiếu dấu câu – run-ons, comma splices, fused sentences, sentence fragments…

 

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Identifying Independent and Dependent Clauses

When you want to use commas and semicolons in sentences and when you are concerned about whether a sentence is or is not a fragment, a good way to start is to be able to recognize dependent and independent clauses. The definitions offered below will help you with this.

Bốn chục lời khuyên cho viết tiếng Anh (cũng đáng xem)

Warm-up:

Ba người đàn ông ngồi trò chuyện với nhau về việc người thân của họ sẽ nói gì khi họ nằm trong quan tài trong ngày đám tang của họ.

Người thứ nhất:

– Tôi muốn được nghe người thân nói rằng tôi là một bác sĩ cao thượng và là một người đàn ông mẫu mực trong gia đình.

Người thứ hai:

– Tôi muốn được nghe người thân nói rằng tôi là một người chồng tuyệt vời và là một người thầy giáo cao cả, điều này sẽ làm nên sự khác biệt lớn đối với các con của tôi sau này.

Người thứ ba:

– Còn tôi muốn được nghe họ nói: “Nhìn kìa! Anh ấy đang cử động”.

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Forty writing tips:

Lưu ý: Bản thân cách diễn giải mỗi lời khuyên ở đây thường chính là một ví dụ về cách diễn đạt sai mà lời khuyên đó khuyên nên tránh. Thử tìm xem.

See more below. Một bài viết tuyệt vời:

Phép ngoa dụ/cường điệu – hyperbole – trong tiếng Anh

Warm-up:

Một cô gái mặc váy ngắn bước lên tàu điện. Không còn chỗ ngồi, cô nhìn quanh. Vừa lúc đó có một chàng trai trẻ mời:
– Cô có thể ngồi lên đùi tôi.
– Tôi sợ làm gãy cái tẩu thuốc lá trong túi quần của anh.
Chàng trai trẻ chưa kịp đáp lại thì ông già khoảng 70 tuổi ân cần nói:
– Cô có thể ngồi trên đùi tôi, vì tôi đã bỏ thuốc 10 năm nay rồi.

 

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Hyperbole

[pronounced: hy-PER-buh-lee]

Give me a thousand kisses, then a hundred,
Then another thousand, then a second hundred,
Then still another thousand, then a hundred
Catullus

Definition

Hyperbole is a figure of speech that uses an exaggerated or extravagant statement to create a strong emotional response. It is from a Greek word meaning “excess.”

Hyperboles can be found in literature and oral communication. They would not be used in nonfiction works, like medical journals or research papers; but, they are perfect for fictional works, especially to add color to a character or humor to the story.

Hyperboles are comparisons, like similes and metaphors, but are extravagant and even ridiculous.

The media and the advertising industry often use hyperbole (which may then be described as hype or media hype).

See more below:

Phép nhân cách hóa – personification – trong tiếng Anh

Warm-up:

Trong giờ toán, cô giáo vẽ hai nửa hình tròn lên bảng. Bỗng một cậu học sinh kêu to: “Ô, cái mông!”

Cô giáo rất giận và mời thầy hiệu trưởng đến để kỷ luật học sinh này vì tội nói bậy trong lớp. Thầy bước vào, nhìn ngay lên bảng và nói với cậu bé: “Em sẽ bị kỷ luật nặng đấy. Tại sao em lại dám vẽ cái mông lên bảng như thế này?”

 

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Personification  

Definition:

Personification is a figurative language technique where an object or idea is given human characteristics or qualities.  In other words, using our language, we make an object or idea do something that usually is only done by people.  With personification speakers and writers make the object or idea like a person and, hence, they personify it.   Personification is often confused with anthropomorphism, where human abilities and characteristics are given to animals (such as in fable, where animals talk and behave as humans do) but the term “personification” should not be applied to human-like behavior in animals.

Phép so sánh/ví von – simile – trong tiếng Anh

 

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[Xem thêm bài: Phép ẩn dụ – metaphor – trong tiếng Anh]

Simile

[pronounced: SIM-i-lee]

It’s been a hard day’s night, and I’ve been working like a dog
The Beatles

A simile is a figure of speech that says that one thing is like another different thing. We can use similes to make descriptions more emphatic or vivid.

We often use the words as…as and like with similes.

Common patterns for similes, with example sentences, are:

Cách dùng “thủ pháp lập lờ” – ambiguity – trong tiếng Anh

Warm-up:

Một cô gái mặc bộ bikini mỏng, mải vẫy vùng bơi lội, chẳng may chiếc quần lót bị bung mất. Không biết làm sao để lên bờ trong lúc trên đó có rất nhiều đàn ông.

Loay hoay một lúc, cô gái nhanh trí liền gỡ một tấm bảng chỉ dẫn của hồ bơi che vào phía dưới và thản nhiên bước lên. Bỗng rộ lên những tiếng cười, cô gái giật mình nhìn xuống thì thấy tấm bảng ghi dòng chữ “Khu vực dành cho đàn ông”.

Mắc cỡ, nhưng bình tĩnh, cô gái liền lật úp tấm bảng chỉ dẫn lại. Lần này tiếng cười rộ lại to hơn. Nhìn xuống cô thấy dòng chữ: “Độ sâu 3m5”.

 

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Use ambiguity for good, not evil

Ambiguity can go either way. Its effects range from the ridiculous to the sublime. On the ridiculous end of the spectrum are examples like “Touch Me, I’m Dick,” the name of a song written by the rock star wannabe played by Matt Dillon in the 1992 movie Singles. The movie takes place in Seattle in the heyday of grunge. The song’s fictional title plays on “Touch Me,I’m Sick,” the name of an actual song by Mudhoney, one of the representative bands of that scene.

Read more below:

Cách tránh lỗi “lập lờ” – ambiguity – khi sử dụng tiếng Anh

Warm-up:

Gia đình kia quyết định đi du lịch một tuần. Họ thuê hai cô nhân viên điều dưỡng về chăm sóc cho bà cụ già bị liệt hai chân và cấm khẩu.

Cả nhà đi khỏi, hai cô cho bà cụ tắm rửa, ăn uống, rồi đặt cụ lên xe lăn ra vườn chơi. Mọi việc đều tiến triển tốt. Nhưng rồi đột nhiên bà cụ từ từ ngả người sang một bên, mặt “trầm ngâm”. Hốt hoảng, hai cô vội vàng giữ vai và dựng cụ thẳng người lên. Bà cụ không nói gì, nhưng sau đó một lúc, cụ lại từ từ nghiêng người qua phía kia. Ngay lập tức, họ lại vực cụ ngồi thẳng dậy. Cứ thế, họ phải túc trực bên bà cụ suốt cả mấy hôm vì sự việc đó xảy ra liên tục.

Khi gia đình kia đi chơi về, họ hỏi bà cụ xem hai cô gái chăm sóc bà có tốt không. Bà viết nguệch ngoạc vào tờ giấy mấy dòng: “Nói chung là chu đáo, nhưng có điều chúng nó nhất quyết không cho tao… đánh rắm lần nào trong suốt cả tuần liền!”

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Ambiguity and how to avoid it

Xem thêm bài: Cách tránh lỗi “mập mờ” khi viết tiếng Anh – Avoiding ambiguity in your writing

Example 1: This morning I shot an elephant in my pajamas.

Who was wearing the pajamas? The hunter or the elephant?

This is a syntactical ambiguity that can be cleared up grammatically.

Improved: This morning, in my pajamas, I shot an elephant.

Though you could probably tell from context what the author meant, there is no reason to unintentionally make such a mistake.

“Ambiguity” hay là sự lập lờ ý nghĩa trong sử dụng tiếng Anh

Warm-up:

Chàng trai nọ chạy thục mạng đuổi theo một chiếc xe buýt chở đầy du khách, nhưng chiếc xe đổ dốc rất nhanh.

“Dừng lại đi.” Một người khách tốt bụng thò đầu ra cửa sổ hét lớn với anh chàng “Cậu không đuổi kịp nó đâu, đợi chuyến sau vậy!”

“Nhất định cháu phải đuổi kịp ạ.” Chàng trai trẻ vừa nói vừa thở hồng hộc: “Vì cháu là tài xế xe này mà.”

 

AMBIGUITY

A word, phrase, or sentence is ambiguous if it has more than one meaning. The word ‘light’, for example, can mean not very heavy or not very dark. Words like ‘light’, ‘note’, ‘bear’ and ‘over’ are lexically ambiguous. They induce ambiguity in phrases or sentences in which they occur, such as ‘light suit’ and ‘The duchess can’t bear children’. However, phrases and sentences can be ambiguous even if none of their constituents is. The phrase ‘porcelain egg container’ is structurally ambiguous, as is the sentence ‘The police shot the rioters with guns’. Ambiguity can have both a lexical and a structural basis, as with sentences like ‘I left her behind for you’ and ‘He saw her duck’.

Read more below:

Phép ẩn dụ – metaphor – trong tiếng Anh

Warm-up:

Cô gái đi học trên thành phố, nửa đêm nhận được tin nhắn: “Chào em, mình làm quen được không? Em có người yêu chưa?”
– Em có rồi anh ạ!
– Thế á, cha mày đây, sớm mai bắt xe về quê ngay họp gia đình chuyện này!
Hôm sau cô gái nhất quyết không về, nửa đêm lại có tin nhắn:
– Anh phải làm sao để được làm bạn em? Cho phép anh làm quen nhá! Em có người yêu chưa?
– Em chưa!
– Em làm anh thất vọng quá, một phép thử đơn giản là biết được lòng nhau ngay, mình chia tay thôi!
– Ôi em xin lỗi, em tưởng ông già em, cho e một lời giải thích.
– Giải thích gì? Ông già mày đây, mai không về quê thì đừng về nữa! Gọi cả thằng đó về cho tao!

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Metaphor

“All the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players
They have their exits and their entrances”
 -William Shakespeare

A metaphor is a figure of speech that says that one thing is another different thing. This allows us to use fewer words and forces the reader or listener to find the similarities.

Sáu lỗi thường mắc khi viết tiếng Anh – Six common English writing mistakes

Warm-up:

Thiếu tá Phạm Tuân là phi công Việt Nam đầu tiên được lựa chọn để cùng bay với phi hành gia Nga Gorbatko lên vũ trụ. Tất nhiên Gorbatko là chỉ huy trưởng, Phạm Tuân chỉ được ngồi quan sát chứ không được lái.

Sau khi ngồi lái cả ngày, đến đêm Gorbatko bảo Tuân:

– Mày cầm lái tí nhé, tao đi đái một cái rồi vào ngay. Nhưng mà cứ giữ nguyên thế chứ đừng có vặn vẹo gì mà chết đấy!

Năm phút sau, Gorbatko trở về chui vào khoang lái, thở phào nhẹ nhõm, mặt mày tươi tỉnh. Tuân hỏi:

– Ông đái vào đâu thế?

– Ôi dào, đang mót cứng cả bụng, tao cứ thấy chỗ nào tôi tối là tao phang bừa xuống.

– Thôi chết rồi! Thế thì ông đái vào Thủ đô của chúng tôi rồi!

(Bấy giờ là năm 1980. Chiến tranh đã hết nhưng Hà Nội ban đêm bị cắt điện liên tục.)

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Mistake #1:  Switching tenses unnecessarily

One of the more common problems seen in ESL writing is unnecessary switching between past, present and future tenses. Changing between verb tenses within a sentence can make it difficult for the reader to follow a piece of writing and should be avoided. An exception to this is when a time change must be shown.

Cách tránh lỗi chính tả trong viết tiếng Anh – English spelling

Howtospelluk’s clip on Youtube. Thanks for sharing.

Select “How to spell: Tip 9 – Top Ten Spelling Rules” from the playlist.

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English spelling is notoriously difficult to master for native speakers and language learners alike. Because English developed from several different language families, and because it so easily absorbs new words from other languages even today, the English language has many different ways to spell the same sound and many different ways to pronounce the same spelling. But improving your English spelling is not impossible: with some patience, you will see a noticeable improvement in your spelling by using some techniques that good spellers use. See more below:

Làm sao để khỏi “dài dòng văn tự” – wordiness?

One of the most efficient ways to improve your writing is to edit it for conciseness. You may have been struggling to think ideas through as you wrote—and piled up alternative wordings. Or you may have fallen into the habit of using more words than necessary just to use up space. If you can let your original draft “cool down” a while, you will find it easier to recognize unnecessary words and edit them out. Your reader will thank you! Here are some common patterns of wordiness, with sensible things to do about them.  See more below:

Thư “rãn” tý với trò nói lái – Spoonerisms

Spoonerisms are words or phrases in which letters or syllables get swapped. This often happens accidentally in slips of the tongue (or tips of the slung as Spoonerisms are often affectionately called!).

See more below:

“Giọng” văn trong viết tiếng Anh – Tone in writing English

Clip on Youtube. Thanks for sharing.

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What is Tone?

“Tone in writing refers to the writer’s attitude toward the reader and the subject of the message. The overall tone of a written message affects the reader just as one’s tone of voice affects the listener in everyday exchanges” (Ober 88).  See more below:

Viết thư công việc – Một số quy tắc cơ bản – Writing business letters

This resource covers the parts of the basic business letter and provides three sample business letters.

Parts of a Business Letter

This resource is organized in the order in which you should write a business letter, starting with the sender’s address if the letter is not written on letterhead. See more below:

Cách dùng đề mục trong viết tiếng Anh (kể cả tiếng Việt) – Using headings

Use headings in a report, memo, or website to highlight major sections and to provide the reader with cues to your main points. Headings help the reader scan a document, discern its overall structure, and locate information more quickly. See more below:

Lựa lời mà nói [2] – Bias in language

Xem thêm bài: Lựa lời mà nói [1] – Bias in language

Bias appears in language when a writer or speaker uses language in a way that stereotypes or excludes on the basis of race, ethnicity, gender, religion, sexual orientation, physical capabilities, etc. Read the following sample sentence:

Một số lưu ý khi viết email – Email Etiquette

Although instant and text/SMS messaging is beginning to supplant email for some groups’ primary means of Internet communication, effective and appropriate email etiquette is still important. This resource will help you to become an effective writer and reader/manager of email. See blow:

Cách biến hóa trong viết tiếng Anh (và cả tiếng Việt) để tránh nhàm chán – Variation in writing

This resource presents methods for adding sentence variety and complexity to writing that may sound repetitive or boring. Sections are divided into general tips for varying structure, a discussion of sentence types, and specific parts of speech which can aid in sentence variety.

Strategies for Variation

Adding sentence variety to prose can give it life and rhythm. Too many sentences with the same structure and length can grow monotonous for readers. Varying sentence style and structure can also reduce repetition and add emphasis. Long sentences work well for incorporating a lot of information, and short sentences can often maximize crucial points. These general tips may help add variety to similar sentences.

Lựa lời mà nói [1] – Bias in language

Xem thêm bài: Lựa lời mà nói [2] – Bias in language

Most writers want to be respectful of others by avoiding offensive—particularly sexist—language. The question, “what counts as sexist?” is the blunt query that seems to call for a list of words to avoid. Yes, such a list could be made: swear words that emphasize masculine power or feminine helplessness would top this list, and “pet terms” that imply that a person is inexperienced or less capable (for example, “girlie” or “son”) would be featured as well.

See more below:

Một số kiểu dùng dấu câu kép oái oăm

As if the rules of punctuation weren’t confusing enough, what do you do when you have more than one punctuation mark to contend with?

Though our proverbial stodgy old English professors might beg to differ, the rules of punctuation are flexible. They depend mostly on context and intended meaning. This is especially true when combining punctuation marks.

This article will cover some of the more common punctuation pairs and how to use them.

See below:

Cách viết CV bằng tiếng Anh – CV writing etiquitte [1]

Clip on Youtube. Thanks for sharing.

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Having a solid and effective resume can greatly improve your chances of landing that dream job. That is beyond discussion. How does one make sure that his resume is top notch and bullet proof, however? There are several websites with tips around the web, but most bring just a handful of them. We wanted to put them all together in a single place, and that is what you will find below: 44 resume writing tips.

See more below:

Cách viết CV bằng tiếng Anh – CV writing etiquitte [2]

Clip on Youtube. Thanks for sharing.

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Length

Most employers want the print résumé to be brief: The usual recommendation, often strongly stated, is that the résumé should not be more than one page long (one side of an 8 1/2′ x 11″ page). Certainly entry-level job candidates (just out of college) should heed this length constraint. People in mid-career or applicants with extensive and/or various workplace experiences can consider having a résumé that is longer than one page.

See more below:

Một số ví dụ về nguyên tắc “cân bằng – parallelism” trong viết tiếng Anh

Clip on Youtube. Thanks for sharing.

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In crafting sentences that compare one thing to another or represent one thought in contrast to another, writers often omit key words or phrases because they misunderstand how one phrase is balanced against another. In constructing sentences with parallel structure, think of the two parallel elements as figures on a seesaw, and the connecting word or phrase as the fulcrum, then check whether the elements on either side of the fulcrum are equally balanced:

See more below:

“Cân bằng – Parallelism” – một nguyên tắc quan trọng trong viết tiếng Anh

Clip on Youtube. Thanks for sharing.

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Unskillful writers often violate this principle, from a mistaken belief that they should constantly vary the form of their expressions. It is true that in repeating a statement in order to emphasize it writers may have need to vary its form. But apart from this, writers should follow carefully the principle of parallel construction.

See more below:

Các cách mở rộng vốn từ tiếng Anh

Xem thêm bài: Tăng vốn từ với tiền tố và hậu tố trong tiếng Anh – Prefixes and Suffixes in English

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Everyone—from beginning learners in English to veterans in journalism—knows the frustration of not having the right word immediately available in that lexicon one carries between one’s ears. Sometimes it’s a matter of not being able to recall the right word; sometimes we never knew it. It is also frustrating to read a newspaper or homework assignment and run across words whose meanings elude us. Language, after all, is power. When your children get in trouble fighting with the neighbors’ children, and your neighbors call your children little twerps and you call their children nefarious miscreants—well, the battle is over and they didn’t stand a chance. Building a vocabulary that is adequate to the needs of one’s reading and self-expression has to be a personal goal for every writer and speaker.

See more below:

Tổng hợp cách sử dụng các dạng thức viết tắt trong tiếng Anh – All about abbreviations in English

Abbreviate the following:

Titles before names:

Mrs., Mr., Ms., Prof., Dr., Gen., Rep., Sen., St. (for Saint)

Notice that Miss is not an abbreviation, so we don’t put a period after it. Ms. is not an abbreviation, either, but we do use a period after it — probably to keep it consistent with Mr. and Mrs.

The plural of Mr. is Messrs. (We invited Messrs. Carter, Lincoln, and Ford.) The plural of Dr. is Drs. (We consulted Drs. Carter, Lincoln, and Ford.) The plural of Mrs. is Mmes or Mmes. (with or without the period).

See more below:

Mười quy tắc viết số và chữ số

Xem thêm bài: Cách thể hiện số trong viết tiếng Anh – Một số nguyên tắc chung – Presenting numbers in English (General)

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1. Number versus numeral.

First things first, what is the difference between a number and a numeral? A number is an abstract concept while a numeral is a symbol used to express that number. “Three,” “3″ and “III” are all symbols used to express the same number (or the concept of “threeness”). One could say that the difference between a number and its numerals is like the difference between a person and her name.

See more below:

Từ và cụm từ Latin và Hy Lạp thông dụng trong tiếng Anh

Clip on Youtube. Thanks for sharing.

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Xem thêm bài: Cách đọc chữ cái Hy Lạp thông dụng bằng tiếng Anh

Even though Latin is considered a dead language (no country officially speaks it), its influence upon other languages makes it still important. Latin words and expressions are present in virtually all the languages around the world, as well as on different scientific and academic fields.

Below you will find a list with the most used and important Latin words and expressions, enjoy!

Ôi! ngữ pháp… ! Đến dân bản ngữ cũng còn ỏm tỏi với nhau [1]

Xem thêm bài: Ôi, ngữ pháp! Đến dân bản ngữ cũng còn ỏm tỏi với nhau [2]

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1. Never split an infinitive.

It isn’t wise to always ignore this fallacious rule against dividing the elements of the verb phrase “to (verb)” with an adverb, but to blindly follow it is to prohibit pleasing turns of phrase — one of the best known of which is from the introductory voice-over from all the Star Trek television series: “to boldly go where no one has gone before.” (The original series, produced before the more recent sensitivity to gender bias, put it “no man.”)

See more below: