Câu đơn/ghép/phức/phức tổng hợp trong tiếng Anh – Sentence Types: Simple/Compound/Complex/Compound-Complex Sentences

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Lưu ý: Không nên quan tâm quá để tránh bị rối rắm bởi tên gọi các loại câu: simple/compound/complex/compound-complex sentences VÀ cumulative/periodic sentences (và một số kiểu câu khác, sẽ giới thiệu sau). Các cách phân loại như vậy là dựa trên các tiêu chí khác nhau, ví dụ: tiêu chí “cấu trúc  ngữ pháp” hoặc tiêu chí “văn phong”. Cuối cùng, chúng cũng chỉ là CÂU, mỗi câu biểu đạt một “complete thought/idea“ mà thôi.

Xem thêm bài: Phép đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh – Periodic sentences [1]

và bài: Phép điệp trong tiếng Anh – Loose/cumulative sentences

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Structurally, English sentences can be classified four different ways, though there are endless constructions of each. The classifications are based on the number of independent and dependent clauses a sentence contains. An independent clause forms a complete sentence on its own, while a dependent clause needs another clause to make a complete sentence. By learning these types, writers can add complexity and variation to their sentences.

Cách nối câu để tránh kiểu “vỡ lòng” – Sentence-combining skills

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The Need to Combine Sentences

Sentences have to be combined to avoid the monotony that would surely result if all sentences were brief and of equal length. (If you haven’t already read them, see the sections on Avoiding Primer Style and Sentence Variety.) Part of the writer’s task is to employ whatever music is available to him or her in language, and part of language’s music lies within the rhythms of varied sentence length and structure. Even poets who write within the formal limits and sameness of an iambic pentameter beat will sometimes strike a chord against that beat and vary the structure of their clauses and sentence length, thus keeping the text alive and the reader awake. This section will explore some of the techniques we ordinary writers use to combine sentences.

Diễn đạt loằng ngoằng bởi nỗi thiếu dấu câu – run-ons, comma splices, fused sentences, sentence fragments…

 

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Identifying Independent and Dependent Clauses

When you want to use commas and semicolons in sentences and when you are concerned about whether a sentence is or is not a fragment, a good way to start is to be able to recognize dependent and independent clauses. The definitions offered below will help you with this.